基金看市：短期市场将承压 中长期不悲观
?? ?? ???? ?? (????) ??? ??????. | |
 | |
| ?? | ????(????) |
|---|---|
| AAPL | |
| ?? | 1976? 4? 1? |
| ??? | ??? ??, ??? ????, ??? ?? |
| ?? ?? | NASDAQ, Dow Jones |
| ISIN | US0378331005 |
| ??? | 1980? 12? 12? |
| ?? ?? | ?? ??? ????(Apple Computer, Inc.) |
| ?? ?? | ??? ????(????), ????? ???, ??? ??? |
| ??? | ?? App Store, iCloud, ?? ??, TV+, ????+, ??+, ??, ????, ????, ??, ??, ?? ?? ???, ???? ? |
| ?? ??? | ?????? ????(?? ???, ?? ??) |
?? ?? | ? ?? |
?? ?? | ? ?(CEO), ?? ????(COO), ?? ?????(CFO), ???? ????(????? ??), ?? ????(???? ????), ? ????(???? ????? ??), ?? ?(??? ??), ?? ?(?? ??), ? ??????(?? ??, AI ??), ??? ????(??? ??) |
| ?? | ???, ????, ??, ? ??, ???, ? ????, ? ??, ?? ??, ???, ?? ??, ?? TV, ??, ????, ???? ????? |
| ??? | 3,943? ??(2022?) |
???? | 1,194? ??(2022?) |
| 998? ??(2022?) | |
| ???? | 3,527? ??(2022?) |
| ?? ?? | 5.7% ?? ??? ??? ???? |
??? ? | 15? 4? ?(2021?) |
| ??? | Braeburn Capital Beats Electronics Claris Apple Energy, LLC Apple Sales International Apple Services Apple Worldwide Video Anobit Beddit |
| ??? | 506? ??(2022?) |
| ???? | ?? ??? |
?? ????(Apple Inc.)? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????. ? ??? ??? ??, ?????, ???? ?? ? ??? ??. 1976? ??? ??, ??? ????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ???(Apple Computer Company)? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????. 2007??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????. ??? 2024? ?? ??? US$391.04?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????.
? ??? ????? ?? I ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ? ?? ???? ?? II? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ???. ??? 1983? ??? 1984? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ????. 1985??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? NeXT? ???? ?? ???, ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????. ? ???? 10? ?? ?? CEO? ????. 1990??? ??? ?? ?? PC ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???. 1997?? ??? ?? ??? ???. ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? NeXT? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ???, ???, ???, ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????, ???? ???? ????, "Think different" ?? ???? ????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? 10? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ????? ??? 2010???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ????. ??? 2011? ???? ??? ????, ? ? ? ????. ?? ?? ?? ? ?? CEO? ???.
??? ?? ????? ???, ????, ?? ??, ?, ?? TV? ?? ??? ? ??? ????, iOS, iPadOS, macOS? ?? ?? ??, ??? ?? ??, ??????, ?? ?? ? ?? TV+? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? 5 ? ????,[a] ??? 2011? ???,[b] ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????, 2023? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????, ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ??? ??? ??????, ?? ? ??? ??? ??????, ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ??????. ??? 2018? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? 1? ?? ???? ??????, 2024? 12? ?? 3? 7400? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???. ??? ????? ?? ? ????, ?? ?? "AAPL"? ????.
??? ????? ?? ??, ?????? ??, ?? ??, ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ???? ????, ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???.
??
[??]
? ??? ??? ??? ?????.1976?–1980?: ?? ? ???
[??]
?? ??? ???? 1976? 4? 1? ??? ??, ??? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ????.[4][7] ? ??? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? I??.[8] ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???, ????? HP-65 ???? ???.[9](p. 57) ? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? $1,300 (equivalent to $5,900 in 2022)? ???. ????? 1976? 7? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? I ?????? ????.[10] ?? I? CPU, RAM, ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????, ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????.[11] ?? ?? $666.66 (equivalent to $3,000 in 2022)? ??? ?????.[12][13]:180 ????? ??? ?? 666? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????, "???? ??"? ???? ? ??? ???? ???.[14]
?? ??? ????? 1977? 1? 3? ????? ??????,[15][16][17] ??? ?? ?? 12? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 800??? ???.[18] ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? $250,000 (equivalent to $1,068,000 in 2022)? ??? ????.[19] ?? ? 5? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ? 4???? ? ?? ???. 1977? 9??? 1980? 9??? ?? ??? 77? 5? ???? US$118? ??? ???? ??? 533%? ???? ???.[20]
????? ??? ?? II? 1977? 4? 16? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????.[21] ?? ?? ???? TRS-80 ? ???? PET? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??. ?? I? ?? ?? II ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????, ?? 1978? ??? II?? ??? 5+1?4-?? ??? ??? ???? ? ?????? ?????.[22][23]
?? II? ???? ??? ? ?? ??????? 1979?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????.[22] ????? ?? II? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? II? ??? ???? ??, ? ????? ???? ????.[22] ??? ?? II? ?? ???? ???, ????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????.[24][25]
1980? 12? 12?, ??? ?? ?? ????? IPO? ?? ?? 22??(2022? 9? 3? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? 0.10??)[17]? 460? ?? ???? 1? ?? ??? ??????, ?? ?? ?? ???? 1956? IPO ?? ?? ?? ?????.[26] ?? ??? ?? 29??[27]? ??? 17? 7800? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ? 300?? ????? ????.[26][27]
1980?–1990?: ????? ??
[??]
1979? 12?, ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? PARC? ???? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ??? ????? (GUI)? ???? ??. ??? ??? PARC? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???. ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? GUI? ???? ? ??? ???. ?? ?? GUI ????? ???????? ????, ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????.
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????. ????? ???? ????? ?? II? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????, 1981? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??. ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????.[28] ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? II ???? ??????.[29]
1984?, ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????.[30] ? ??? 1984? 1? 22? ??? XVIII? 3?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? US$1.5?? ???? ???? ??? "1984"? ?????.[31] ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???[32] CNN? "??"??? ???[33] TV ???? ??? ?? ??? TV ?? ? ??? ???.[34]
? ??? ????? ?? ? ??? ??????, ?? ??? ????, ? 3?? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????. ??? $1,000 (equivalent to $2,500 in 2022)? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? 128KB? RAM? ????. ????? $2,495 (equivalent to $6,200 in 2022)? ??????, ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???.[35]:195 1985? ?, ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? 2? ? ??? ? ??? CEO ??? ?? ??? ?????.[36] ?? "?? ????? ?? ???, ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????"?? ???.[37] ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????.[38]
???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??.[39] ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???, ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????.[39] ??? 1985? 9? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? NeXT? ????.[40] ???? ?? 1985? ? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ?? II ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? "?? 5?? ??? ???? ?? ???"? ???.[29][41][42] ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????,[41] ?? 12? ??? ???? ??? ???.[13] ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???.[43]
1985? ??? ????? ?? ?, ???? ?? ? ???? 512K? ?? 4?? ?? ????, ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????. ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? 1985? 7? ???? ????.[44] ????, ??????, ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????.[45]
???? ????? ??? ???? ???[46] ??? ?? ???, ? ?? ?? ?? ???? "?? ??? ??"?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??. ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???. ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????, ??? ??? "55% ??? ??"??? ??? ??? 1980?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ???? II? 55% ???? ????.[47]:79–80
? ??? 10? ??? IBM PC ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????. ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???, ? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????. 1989? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????, ?? ?? ?? ??? 20% ????.[47]:117–129 ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????, ???? 1990? 1? ??? ????? COO? ?????? ??? ??? ?????.[48] ??? ? ? ? ??? ?? ???? Be? ????.[49]
1990?–1997?: ??? ?? ??
[??]
??? ??? ???? 1990? 10?? ???? ???, ???? LC, ???? IIsi ? ? ?? ?? ??? ?????, ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????.[50] 1991?, ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????. ?? ?, ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? 7? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????.
??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????.[51] ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ???. ?? ????? 1989??? 1991? ??? ????? "? ?? ???"?? ????.[52]
??? ???? ?, ?? LC? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????. ?, ??? ??? ???, ??? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.[54]
1993?? ?? II ???? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????. LC ?? ? ??? ????? ?? II ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????, ?? ????? ????? ?? II?? ????? ????? ????.[55] ?? IIe? 1993?? ?????.[56]
??? 1990??? ???? ??? ???, ??CD ??? CD ??? ????, ???, ?? ??? ?? ??, eWorld ??? ???, ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????.[57]
? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???. ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???.[58] ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???. ??? ?? ??? ??? GUI? ????? ??? ???????? ????.[59] ? ??? ? ? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????, 1993? ???? ??? ????? CEO? ?????.[60]
???? ?? ?? ??, IBM, ????? 1994? AIM ?????? ???? IBM ? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???(??PC ???? ??? ?? PReP)? ????. AIM ?????? PReP? ??? ?? ?????? PC? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ????. ? ? ??? ????? ??PC ????? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ??? ?? ????? ????.[61]
?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ?? 2? ?? 75?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ??? 1996??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????.[62]
1996? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ????? CEO? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????.[63]
? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??(MacOS)? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ?? ???? ?? ??(??? 1)? ?????(?? ??????? ??? ??)? ?? ????? ???. ??? ?? ?????? ??? 5? ???? ?? ????? ???, ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????.[64] ?? ?? 1988?? ?? ????, ?? ?? A/UX, 1994?? ????? ????, 1996??? BeOS ??? ????. ??? ?? ? ?? ????? CEO? 1? 2500? ??? ?? ??? ?? 3? ??? ????? Be?? ??? ?? ??? ???.[65] ?? ???[66] ?? ???? NeXTSTEP? ???? 1996? ? NeXT? 4? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????.[67]
1997?–2007?: ??? ??
[??]NeXT ??? 1997? 2? 9?? ?????,[68] ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????. 1997? 7? 9?, ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? 3?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ???. ???? ??? ?? CEO? ????, ?? ?? ?? ???? ????. ??? 70%? ??? ???? 3,000?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???.[69]
?? ?? 1997? 8?, ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? 1? 5?? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ????? ????.[70] ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ????????? "??? ?? ??"?? ?????.[71] ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ? ????? ??.[72][73] ?? ? ?? ??? ???? 1997? 9? ?? ? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????.[74] 1997? 11? 10?, ?? ??? ????? ??????, ?? PC ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????.[75] ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????. CEO?? ? ? ?? ??? 3? 9?? ??? ??? ????.[69]
1998? 5? 6?, ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????. ???? ?? 5?? ?? 80? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????,[76] 3+1?2-?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? USB ???? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??(???? "i")? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ????.[77] ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? 10? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????.[78][79]
? 1? ?? 1999? 7? 21?, ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? G3 ????? ??? G3 ???? ??? ??, ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????. ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ?? ??? ???.[80]
? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? 1999? 4? ??? ? ??? ??? ??????? Key Grip ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????.[81] Key Grip? ??? ?? 1999? 10? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.[82] ??? 2000? 4? DVD ??? ????? DVDirector? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ??? DVD ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??DVD? ????.[82] 2000?, ??? ??? & ?????? ???? MP ??? ???? ?????? ????. ??? ? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? CD ?? ??? ????.[83]
2001?? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ???. ??, 2001? 3? 24?, ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? Mac OS X ??? ????. ?? 1990?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????. Mac OS X? NeXTSTEP, OpenStep, BSD ???? ???? ?? ???? ???, ???, ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ??, 2001? 5?, ????? ?????? ? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????.[84][85][86] ?? ?? ???? ? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ? ???? ?? ??????, ? ????? 500? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ???.[87][88] ??, 2001? 10? 23?, ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????. ? ??? 2001? 11? 10?? ?? ??????, 6? ??? 1? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.[89]
2003?, ???? ???? ??? 99??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????, 2008? 6? 19??? 50? ? ??? ????? ????.[90] 2? ?, ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???.[91]
2002?, ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???,[92] ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???. ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????.[93] ? ? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????.[94]
2005? 6? 6? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??PC ?????? ??? 2006?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????.[95] 2006? 1? 10?, ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? CPU? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???. 2006? 8? 7??? ??? ???? 1? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????.[95] ?? ?, ???, ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????, ? ??, ??, ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???.[96] ??? ?? 2006?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? OS X? ?? ??? XP ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ???.[97]
? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????. 2003? ??? 2006??? ?? ??? 10? ?? ???? (?? ?? ?) ?? ? 6???? 80?? ???? ???.[98] 2006? 1? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?,[99] ??? ?? ????? ?? CEO? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???.[100] 9? ?, ?? ??? ??? ????? "???? ????? ?? ??? ?"??? ????.[101]
2007?–2011?: ??? ??? ??
[??]
2007? 1? 9? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????.[102] ? ????? ???[103]? ?? TV? ?????.[104] ??? ?? ?? 30?? ?? 27? ?? 1?? ???? ?????,[105] ? ??? "??? ??? ???"? ??? ???.[106]
2007? 2? 6? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???, ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ???? ??.[107] 2007? 4? 2?, ??? EMI? 2007? 5??? ???? ????? EMI ????? DRM ??? ??? ???? ?? ????.[108] ?? ??? ????? ?? ????, ??? 2009? 1?? ????? DRM ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ????.[109]
2008? 7?, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ? ???? ????.[110] ? ? ?? ???? 6?? ?? ??????? ?????, ?? ?? ??? 1?? ??? ????. ??? 2008? 8?? ? ???? ???? 10? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ??? ????.[111] 2008? 10??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ? ??? ??? ????? ???.[112]
2009? 1? 14?, ??? ?? ??? ?? 2009? 6? ??? ???? 6???? ??? ?? ???, ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ? ????? ??? "? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??"? ???, ? ??? ??? ??? "??? ??? ???? ? ??? ? ??? ? ?"??? ????.[113] ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 81? 6?? ??, ?? 12? 1?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??(2009? 1??)? ????.[114]
???? ??? ?? ?? ??? "??" ?? ??? 2010? 1? 27? ????? ??? ?? ??, ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ????? ?? ? ?? ??. ? ? 4? 3?, ????? ???? ?????. ?? 30? ? ??, ? ? ??? 50? ?? ?????.[115] 2010? 5?, ??? ????? 1989? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????.[116]
2010? 6?, ??? ??? 4? ????.[117] ? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??, ????, ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????. ? ? ?, ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??, ?????? ??? ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????.[118] ?? ?? ? ? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? 2?? ?? TV? ????.[119]
2011? 1? 17?, ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????. ? ? COO? ??? ?? ??? ????, ??? "?? ??? ??"?? ?? ??? ????.[120] ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???.[121] 2011? 6?, ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??, ??, ??, ?????? ??? ?? ? ??? ?????.[122] ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ????.
2011? 8? 24?, ??? ?? CEO??? ????.[123] ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???. ?? ???? ??? ???[124] ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ??(???? ?? ?? D. ???)? ????[125] ?? ?? ? 11?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ????.[126]
2011?–??: ?? ?? ??, ? ?
[??]2011? 10? 5?, ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ???.[127] ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? 2012? 1? 19?? ????, ??? ? ??? ????? iOS? ???? ????? Mac OS X? iBook Author? ????.[128] ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???.[129]
2011??? 2012??? ??? ??? 4S[130]? ??? 5? ?????,[131] ? ????? ??? ???, Siri?? ??? ??? ????? ??, ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????. 3?? ? 4?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??,[132][133] ??? ???? ??? ????? 9.7?? ??? ????? 7.9?? ??? ???? ??.[134] ??? ???? ??????, ??? 5 (2012? 9? 21? ??)? 200? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???,[135] ???? ??? 4?? ???? (2012? 11? 3? ??) ?? ?? 3? ?? 3?? ?? ????? ?????.[136] ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? 3?? 13?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ?? ???? ????.[133][134][137]
2012? 8? 20?, ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? 6,240? ??? ???. ?? ??? 1999? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????.[138] 2012? 8? 24?, ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? 10? 5?? ??(6? 6?5?? ???)? ????? ???? ??? ????.[139] ??? ?????? ?? ????, ?? 4? 5?? ?? ??????[140] ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????.[140] 2012? 11? 10?, ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? 10? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? HTC ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????.[141] ??? HTC?? ? ??? ?? US$280? ??? ???? ??? ????.[142]
2014? 5?, ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????(?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??)? US$3? ??? ????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????. ????? ??? ??? "??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??"? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? "?? ???"? ???. ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ????.[143]
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2014? 9? 9? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????.[144] ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ????[145]?? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ? ?? ? ???? ???.[146] ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ????. 2016? 1?, ??? ? ????? 10? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.[147]
2016? 6? 6?, ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? 500? ????. 2015? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????.[148] ? 2,330? ??? ??? ?? 3?? ????.[148] ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ???.[148]
2017? 6?, ??? ???, ?? ?, ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.[149] ? ? ?, ?????? ??? ??, TV, ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? WWDC?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????.[150] ??? ?? ? ??????, ??? 4? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???.[151] ? ??? 2018? 9? ?? ??? ??? ???.[152]
?? 2017? 6?, ??? ??? ????? ? ? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????. 2017? 11?, ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????.[153] 2018? 6?, ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????.[154] ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? DHX ??? ? ? ??? ??? ?????? ???, ???? ?? ??? ?? A24?? ????? ??.[155]
2017? 9? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? X, ??? 8, ?? ??? 3? ?? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?????. ???? 2018? ?? ??? ??????, ????? 2019? 3?? ?????, ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ???.[156] 2020? 8? 19?, ??? ??? ?? 467.77??? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? US$2? ??? ????.[157]
2020? 6? 22? ?? WWDC ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????.[158] ? ??? ?? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????.[159] 2020? 11? 10?, ?? ??, ?? ??, ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? M1? ??? ??? ?? ???.[160]
2022? 4?, ????? LG??? ?? ??? M2 ? ??? ??? ???? ?????.[161] ??? ??? ??? 4?? M2 ?? ??? ?? 9?? ? ??? ????? ???.[162]
????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???19 ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ? ? ???? ???, ?? ??? ??? ??? 2020?? 2021?? M1 ?? ? ??? ??? ????? ????. ?? ?? ???, ???, ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???.[163]
2022? 4?, ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ????, ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????.[164]
2022? 5?, 2017?? ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? RealityOS? ?? ??? ?????. ????? ???, ? ???? 2023?? ??? ? ??.[165] ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????.[166] 2023? 6?, ??? ??? ??OS ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????.[167] ? ???? ?? ? 2?? ?????.[168]
2022? 6? 18?, ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????.[169]
2022? 7? 7?, ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? macOS 13? iOS 16? ?? ??? ????. ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????.[170]
??? 2023? 3?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? '?? ?? ???(Apple Pay Later)'? ????. ? ????? ????? 50???? 1,000?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ??, ??? ??? ?? 6? ?? 4? ??? ??? ? ??? ??.[171][172]
2023? 11?, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ?? 2,500? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????, ?? PERM ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????.[173]
2024? 1?, ??? 3? 7??? ???? ? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????. ?? ?? 27?? ??? iOS ???? ?? ? ??? ? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??. ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ? ?? ??? ????.[174]
2024? 6?, ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????.[175]
2024? 11? 1?, ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????, 2018??? ????? AI? ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ? ?? ? ??? ????? ??. ???? ?????? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ???.[176]
2024? 12? 31?, ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????, ? ??? ??? ??? ?? Siri ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?3??? ????? ????. ??? Siri ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ?? 9,500? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? 20??? ??? ? ??. ????? ????? 2,850? ??? ???? ????.[177]
??
[??] ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????.??? ??? ?? 2000?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????, ?? 1980?? ???? ????? ?????. ? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? (2001?)? ???? ??? (2007?)? ???? (2010?)? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???. ??? ?? ?? ??, ?? TV, ???, ??, ?? ?? ??? ?? "????, ? ? ????"? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????.
?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????,[178] ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???. ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??, ????? ? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ?? "?? ???"? ????.[179] 2023? ???? ? ????? 20? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??.[180]
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????? ???? 1999??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? macOS ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????, 2024? ? ?? ?? ??? ? 8%?? ????.[15]
?? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? 6??? ??.
- ???: 1998?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???.
- ? ??: 2005?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???.
- ?? ??: 2006?? ??? ???? ???.
- ? ??: 2006?? ??? ???? ??????.
- ?? ??: 2008?? ??? ???? ??? ???.
- ? ????: 2022?? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??????.
?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????, macOS ?? ??? ????, ??? ? ????, ??? ?? ??? ?? ????, ?? ??? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????. ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ??, ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ??, ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????. ??? ?? ?? ????? XDR, ?? ???? ?????, ?? ???, ?? ????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????.
???
[??] ? ??? ??? ??????.
???? iOS ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????. ? ???? 2007? 1? 9? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ??, ???? ???? ??? ? ??? "???"?? "??? ??" ??? ?????. ? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????.
iOS? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ????. ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ? ????.[181] 2024? ? ??, ???? ?? ??? ?? ??(49%)? ????.[15]
????
[??] ? ??? ??? ???????.????? iPadOS? ???? ??? ??? ????. 1?? ????? 2010? 1? 27?? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ??, ?? ?? ??, ?? ??, ?? ??, ?? ???? ?? ????. ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ??, ?????? ???? ??, ?? ???? ??? ????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? M1 ? M2 ?? ?????, ????? ??? ??? OS? ?? ??? ?? ??.[182][183]
2020? 9? ??, ??? 5? ? ??? ????? ?????, ??? 2013?? ??? ???.[184] ????? 2020? 2?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????,[185] 2024? ? ?? ?? ??? 7%? ????.[15] ??? ?? ??, ??? ???, ??? ??? ???, ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????.
?? ??
[??]
??? "????, ? ? ????"? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???.[186] ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??, ?? TV ??? ??? ????, ?? ?? ?????, ?? ???, ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????. 2024? ? ??, ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? 10%? ????.[15]
???
[??]??? ? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??, ???? ?? ?? ??, ??????+ ???? ?? ??? ?? ???, ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???, ?? ??, ?? ????+, ?? ??, ?? ??+, ?? TV+ ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????. 2024? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? 26%? ????.[15] 2019?, ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????.[187]
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??? ??? ???, ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??.[189] ??? ? ??? ? ??? ??????, ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????. ? ??? ??? ? ???? "??? ??"? ??????, ?? ? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????.[190] ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???, ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??.[191]
1999? 8? 27?,[192] ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????. 1998??? 2003??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????, 2007??? 2013???? ?? ??? ??? ?????.[193]
?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???. ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? "??? ??? ?"??? ???,[194] ???? 2014?? "???? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??"? ????.[78]
???? 2008? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????, 2008??? 2012???? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????.[195] 2013? 9? 30?, ??? ??? ??? "?? ??? ???" ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???.[196] ??? ??? ??? 2005? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????.[197] 2021? 1? ??, 16? 5?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??.[198][199] 2023? 2?, ? ??? 20? ?? ????.[200][180] 2023?, ?? ?? ??? ?? (WIPO)? ???? ?? ???? 2023?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? 10?(74?? ??)? ????.[201]
??? 2024? ?? 500 ???? ?? 3? ???? ?????.[202]
??
[??] ? ??? ??? ?? ?????.??? ? ???? "??? ???(Byte into an Apple)"? 1970?? ??? ?????.[203] 1997??? 2002??? "Think different"?? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ???? ??.[204] ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??. ?? ??, 1998??? ??? ??? ?? "iThink, therefore iMac"? ?????,[205] ??? ???? "Say hello to iPhone"? ?????.[206] "Hello"? ?? ??? ????, ??, ??? ("hello (again)"), ???? ???? ? ?????.[207]
1984? 1984 ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??, ??? ? ???? Get a Mac ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? ??. ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????,[208] ?? 2005? ?? ? ??? ????.[209] ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???.[210] ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? "1234"? ?? ??? "? ??"? ??.[210]
??
[??] ? ??? ??? ?? ??????.
? ?? ?? ???? ?? CEO ??? ??? ?? 2001? 5?? ? ?? ?????.[85] ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???.[86] ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? 1997?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????, 2000?? ? ??? ????.[86] ??? 1997?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???,[211] 2001??? ? ? ?? ??? ???.[85] ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????,[87] ? ???? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????, 3? ??? ?? ?? 10? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???.[87]
?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? 2017? 12? ?? ? ?? 22??? 499?? ??? ???? ??.[88] ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????, 2011? ? ?? ??? 160? ??? ????.[212] ?? ???? 2016? 5??? ???? ??? ??? ???. ? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????.[213]
?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???, ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? "????" ???? ????.[86] ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??, ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????.[214] ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????, ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ??, ??? ? ??? ???.[215] ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???, ? ? ???? ?? ??????? ??.[212] ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??, ?? ? ??? ??? ???, ?? ?? ??? ???,[212] ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??.[212]
?? ???
[??]2020? 3? 16?, ???? ??? 11? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ???, ??? ??? 2005??? 2017? ??? ?????, 2012? ?? ???? eBizcuss? ?? ?? ? ???? ?????.[216]
2020? 8? 13?, ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ????. ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ?????.[217] 2020? 9?, ?????? ?? 13? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ? ???? ?? ????? ? ? ?? ??? ??? ??.[218] ??? 2020? 12?, ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????, 2021? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???. ?? ? ? ? ?? ????? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???.[219] ????? ?? ?? ???? ? ??? 2020? 12?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? "??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???, ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?"??? ???.[220]
???? ??
[??]
??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????, ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ???.[222] 2014? iOS 8 ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? iOS ??? ?? ??? ????? ????, ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????.[223] ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? 2016?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? ?? ????, ? ??? ???? ? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????.[224] ?? ??? "?? ?? ?? ??"? ?????, ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ?? "??? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ??"?? ????.[225] ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ?? ????? ? ??.[226]
??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?????,[227] ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????.[228]
??? iOS 14 ????? ?????, ???, ????, ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????. "? ?? ???"??? ??? ? ??? ???????? ? ??? ????, ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ??? ??, ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????. ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ????? ?? ??, ??? 2021? ?? ????? ????. ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???, ?? ? iOS ??? ? 4%??, ? ?????? 12%?? ??? ????.[229]
iOS 15 ?? ??? ??? iOS ? ? ????? ?? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??. ??, ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ????, ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???. ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????.[230]
????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??, ??? EU? GDPR ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.[231]
2019? 12?, ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? 11 ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????. ???? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ? ???, ??? ???? ??? "?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????."?? ???.[232] ??? ??? ? ??? ??? 11 ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????, "???? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????."?? ????. ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????. ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????, ?? iOS ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ????.[233][234]
2022? 3? 30? ???? ?? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ????? ????, ?? ?? ? IP ??? ?? ???? ?????. ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??. ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? "??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????, ?? ???? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????."?? ???.[235]
?? ??
[??]?? ??
[??]2024? 9? 24?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??.[236][237]
| ?? ?? | ?? ?? | ??? ?? | Ref. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ? ??[c] (?? ?? ?? 10?) |
??? ?? (?? ?? ?? 10?) |
? ?? (?? ?? ?? 10?) |
???? ?? (?? ?? ?? 10?) |
????, ?, ? ???? ?? (?? ?? ?? 10?) |
??? ?? (?? ?? ?? 10?) |
???[d] (?? ?? ?? 10?) |
?? ? (?? ?, FTE) | ||
| 2011 | 108 | 45.9 | 21.7 | 19.1 | 11.9 | 9.3 | 25.9 | 60.4 | [238] |
| 2012 | 156 | 78.6 | 23.2 | 30.9 | 10.7 | 12.8 | 41.7 | 72.8 | [239] |
| 2013 | 170 | 91.2 | 21.4 | 31.9 | 10.1 | 16.0 | 37.0 | 80.3 | [240] |
| 2014 | 182 | 101 | 24.0 | 30.2 | 8.3 | 18.0 | 39.5 | 92.6 | [241] |
| 2015 | 233 | 155 | 25.4 | 23.2 | 10.0 | 19.9 | 53.3 | 110 | [242] |
| 2016 | 215 | 136 | 22.8 | 20.6 | 11.1 | 24.3 | 45.6 | 116 | [243] |
| 2017 | 229 | 139 | 25.5 | 18.8 | 12.8 | 32.7 | 48.3 | 123 | [244] |
| 2018 | 265 | 164 | 25.1 | 18.3 | 17.3 | 39.7 | 59.3 | 132 | [245] |
| 2019 | 260 | 142 | 25.7 | 21.2 | 24.4 | 46.2 | 55.2 | 137 | [246] |
| 2020 | 274 | 137 | 28.6 | 23.7 | 30.6 | 53.7 | 57.4 | 147 | [247] |
| 2021 | 365 | 191 | 35.1 | 31.8 | 38.3 | 68.4 | 94.6 | 154 | [248] |
| 2022 | 394 | 205 | 40.1 | 29.2 | 41.2 | 78.1 | 99.8 | 164 | [249] |
| 2023 | 383 | 200 | 29.3 | 28.3 | 39.8 | 85.2 | 96.9 | 161 | [250] |
| 2024 | 391 | 201 | 29.9 | 26.6 | 37.0 | 96.1 | 93.7 | 164 | [251] |
???
[??]?? ???
[??]2025? 1? 3? ??[update] ?? ??? ???? ??? ??.[252]
- ? ? (?????)
- ?? ???? (???????)
- ?? ??? (?? ??? ? ???????)
- ??? L. ??? (?? ??? ? ?? ??)
- ?? ? (?? ??? – ??? ????? ? ???)
- ???? ???? (?? ??? – ????? ?????)
- ? ????? (?? ??? – ???? ? AI ??)
- ???? ????? (?? ??? – ??? + ??)
- ? ??? (?? ??? – ???? ?????)
- ?? ???? (?? ??? – ? ?? ???)
- ?? ? (?? ??? – ??)
???
[??]2023? 1? 20? ??[update] ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??.[252]
?? CEO
[??]- ??? ?? (1977?~1981?)
- ??? ??? (1981?~1983?)
- ? ??? (1983?~1993?)
- ??? ???? (1993?~1996?)
- ? ???? (1996?~1997?)
- ??? ?? (1997?~2011?)
???
[??]2024? 12? 30? ??[update] ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??.[253]
- ??? ?? (1,400,000,000 ?, 9.29%)
- ??? (1,120,000,0000 ?, 7.48%)
- ???? ???? ????? (595,500,000 ?, 3.96%)
- ???? ?????? (341,640,000 ?, 2.27%)
- ??? ??? ????? (340,160,000 ?, 2.26%)
- ??? ???? (300,000,000 ?, 2.00%)
- ?? ??? (238,260,000 ?, 1.59%)
- ?. ?? ???? (220,110,000 ?, 1.47%)
- ???? ???? (187,160,000 ?, 1.25%)
- JP?? ??? (183,010,000 ?, 1.22%)
?? ??
[??]
??? 1970??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ????. ??? ??? ?? 500 ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????. "1984" TV ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???.[254] 2011? ?? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???.[255] 2017? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????.[256]
??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??.[257][258][259][260] ???? ????, ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??.[261] ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????.[262]
??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ????. ????? ? ???,[263] ??? ??,[264] ?? ??,[263] ?? ??,[265][266] ?? ????,[265][267] ? ??,[268] ? ??,[265] ?? ???,[263] ??? ????,[263] ??? ?? W. ??? ????.[269]
??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??, 2011? 11? 1??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?? ?? ??, ?? ? ??? ? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ????.[270] ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??. ? ?????? ?? ??? "?? ?? ?? ??" ?? "DRI"? ??.[255][271] ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? CEO?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????.[272]
2015?? ??? 11? ?? ??? ??? ????. ? ??? ?? ?? 11? 6? ??? ?????, ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????. ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????, 2014? SEC ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ????.[273] 2017? 9?, ??? 12? 3? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????.[274]
??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???, ?? ?????, ?????, ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??.[275] 2017? 12?, ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? 48??? ???. ??? 2009? 19?? ???? 2012??? 10?? ??? ????, ? ? ??? ?? ????.[276] 2023? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??(XDG)? ??? ????. ??? XDG? ???? X "?? ???"? ????.[277]
???
[??]?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???, ???? one ?? (1.6 km)? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??. ? ??? 2017? 4?? ?????, 1? 2? ? ??? ??? ????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????, ?? ? ??? ?? ??? 2011? 6? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????.
??? ?? ????? ??? 6? ??? ???? ?? ???(?? 1 Infinite Loop??? ???)?? ????, ? 850,000 ???? (79,000 m2) ??? ?? ???? ???? ? 1 ?? (1.6 km) ??? ??.[278] ?? ???? 1993? ???? 2017? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????. 1-6 Infinite Loop? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??.
?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ?? 30?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???, ???? 1977??? 1978???? ???? ?? ??, 1978??? 1982???? ??? ?, 1982??? 1993???? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.[279] ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? 40%? ????.[280]
??? ??, ?? ? ????(EMEA) ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??.[281] 1980?? ??? ? ??? 5,500?? ???? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ?????.[282] ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????.[283]
??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ????. 2014?? ??? 216,000-???? (20,100 m2) ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? 500?? ????? ????,[284] 2021?? ??? 1.1??-???? (100,000 m2) ??? ????? ?? ??, ??? ??, ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? 6,000?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ????? ??, ?????? ????, ???? ?????, ??, ??, ????, ?????, ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??.[285]
??
[??] ? ??? ??? ?? ?????.??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??.[286] ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????. ?? ???? ?? ? ??, ?? ? ???????, ???? ???? ? ??, ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ?? ??. ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??. ???? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????.[287] 2016? 12? 21?, ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????.[288]
?? ??? 2017? 11?, ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ????.[289]
?????? 2020? 8? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ?? iOS ? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???.
2022? 1?, ???? 5?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????.[290] 2024? 6? 24?, ?? ?? ?????? ??? "? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???"? ??? ???? ????? ????.[291] 2025? 4?, ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? 5? ??(5? 7?? ??)? ??? ?????.[292]
??
[??] ?? ?? ??? ??????.| ?? | ??? |
|---|---|
| ???? | 43.7% |
| EMEA | 25.9% |
| ??? | 17.1% |
| ??? ??? ??? | 7.8% |
| ?? | 6.1% |
2023? ??[update], ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ????, 3,832? 8?? ?? ??? ????.[294] ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ????,[295] ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ? ??? ??? ??????,[296] ?? ?? ??? ??????.[297]
2011? 9? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? 1,080? ??? ?????, ?? 2010? ?? 650? ???? ?? ??? ????, ?? 820? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????.[298] 2012? 3? 19?, ??? ???? ??? ?? 2012? 4???? ?? 2.65??? ??? ??? ??? ????.[299]
2013? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ? 1,700? ??? ???.[300] 2013? 5?, ??? ???? ?? 500 ?? ??? ?? 10? ?? ????, 2012? ???? 11?? ???? 6?? ????.[301] 2016? ??[update], ??? ? 2,340? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ???, ? ? 90%? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??.[302]
???? ????? ???? ???, 2014? 1?? ? ?? 8? ???? ????? ? ?? ? ??? 65%? ????. 2015? 1???? ? ??? ?? ??? 92%? ?????.[303]
2017? 4? 30?, ????? ??? ??? 2,500? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????,[304] ?? ? ??? ?? ????? 2,568? ?? ??? ????.[305]
2018? 8? 3?? ??[update], ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????. 2018? 8? 2?, ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ???? 1? ?? ??? ?????,[306][307] 2024? 6?? ??[update], 3? 2?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???.[3] ??? 2018? ?? ?? ?? ?? 500 ???? 4?? ????.[308]
2022? 7?, ??? 2021? ?? 3?? ??? 11% ????? ????. ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? 2% ??? 830? ??? ?????, ? ?? ?? 36% ???? 2021??? ???. ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????.[309] ? ? ??? ? ????? ???? ??? 270? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ? ????.[310]
2023? 5?, ??? 2023? 1?? ??? ????? ????. 2022?? ???? 2023? ??? 3% ????. ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? 1.5% ???? ??? ??? ???. ??? ???, ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???.[311]
??
[??]??? ????, ????, ?????, ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??. ?? ???? ???, 1980?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ????. 1980?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? "?? ???? ?? ?? ????"?? ?? ??? ?????.[312][313]
?? ??? ?? ??? ??? 2012? 10? 30?[314]? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???, ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? 3%? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???(??? ???? ???? ??)? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????. ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.[315]
2013? 5?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???, ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??.[316] ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? 5?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???. ???? "??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????"? ???.[317] 2013? 5? 21?, ?? CEO ? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????.[318]
??? 2016 ???? 2?? ?? ? 26%? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ???.[319] 2017? 10? ?? ?? FAZ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ? ???? ?? ? ????? ???.[320]
2016?, 2??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? "???? ?? ???"? ????? ????, ??? 130? ??(145? ??)? ?? ??? ????? ????. ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ? ?????.[321][322] 2018? ??? 2,850? ??? ???? ???? ?? 8?? 380? ??? ??? ???? ???.[323]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 | 30 | 25 | 26 | 28 | 26 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31.8 | 24.4 | 24.2 | 25.2 | 26.2 | 26.1 | 26.4 | 25.6 | 24.6 | 18.3 | 15.9 |
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| 14.4 | 13.3 | 16.2 | 14.7 | ||||||||||||||||
??
[??]??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????. 2014? 11?, ??? 2? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????,[324] 2?? ?? ?? ??? ????,[325] 2017? 3??? ??? ?? ??? ??? 7? ????.[326] 2021? ??, ??? ???? ??? 2? 5?? ?? ??? ????.[327]
??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ????. 2012? 11?, ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? 250? ?? ??? ?????,[328] 2017??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? 500? ?? ???,[329] ??? 2017? ??? ?? ???? ????.[330] ??? 2010? ??? ??,[331] 2011? ?? ??,[332] 2013? 11? ???? ?? ???,[333] ??? 2015? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??.[334] ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??, ?? ??? 100%? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ????.[335]
2016? 4? 14?, ??? ?????? (WWF)? "?? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ??" ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? "??? ?? ?(Apps for Earth)"? ????. ? ??? ?? ??? 4? 24??? ? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 100%? WWF? ??? ?? ????. ??? WWF? ??? ?? ? ???? WWF? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? 8?? ?? ??? ????. WWF? 2016? ?????? WWDC?? ? ??? ????.[336]
???19 ??? ?? ??, ??? CEO ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? "???" ?? ???? ??? ???? ????.[337] 2021? 1? 13?, ??? 2020? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? 1? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ?????? ????.[338][339][340] 2023? 6?, ??? ? ??? ? ?? ?? 2? ?? ??? ??, ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????, ? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????.[338]
??
[??] ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????.?? ???
[??]?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????, ?? ???? ????. 2016? 6? 6?? ??[update], ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? 217.9????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????.[341] ??? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???.[342] ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? 100% ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??.[343]
??? ? ??
[??]2010?, ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? 100? ??? 52?? ?? ?? ??? "?? ?" ??? ?????.[344] ?? 2008? 5?? ?? ???? ??? 100? ??? 11?? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ???? "?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ??"??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????.[345]
???? ?? ??, ??? 2012? 4? 17?? ?? ??? ???? 100% ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????.[346][347] 2013??? ??? RE100? ???? ??? ??? ????. ????? ?? ??? 75%? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???.[348]
2015? 5?, ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? "??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????, 100% ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????"? ???.[349]
2016? ??[update], ??? ?? ? ??? 100%? ?? ?? ???? ????, ??? ??? ?? 100%? ?? ?? ???? ????, ??? ? ?? ??? 93%? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???.[350] ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???, ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????.[351] ???? ?? ?? ?? (EPEAT)? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??. ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??, ?? ?? ??? ??? ???. EPEAT? ???? ?? ?? ???, ???, ???? ???, ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? 35? ??????,[352] ??, ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? 2015??? ? ???? ??:Convert 282?? ??? Lua ??: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).? ????.[353]
2016? 3? 21? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ????? 100% ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????. CEO ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??, ?? ? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? P. ??? 2016? 3?? ??[update], ??? ? ?? ??? ? 93%? ?? ???? ????? ????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????, ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? 99%? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???, ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??.[354]
??? 2016? 8? 16?, ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ?????? 2018??? ??? ?? ??? 100% ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????. ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ????.[355] ??? ?? ??? ?? 14? ?? ?? ??? ?? UL? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. 2015? 1?? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???, ???, ?????? (??? ??) ???? ???? ????. ? ????? ??? ?? ?? 14? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???.[356]
2020? 7? 21?, ??? 2030??? ?? ??, ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????. ?? 10? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??, ??? ??? ??, ?? ???, ?? ? ?? ??, ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???.[357]
2024? 6?, ?? ????? (EPA)? 2015? ??? ??? ????? (??????)? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????.[358][359] EPA ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? (RCRA)? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???.[358] 2018? ???? ???? ???, ? ??? ??? T159? ????LED ???? ???? ? ????.[360][358][361] ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? (VOC)? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????. EPA? 2023? 8?, ??? ? ??? X? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ????.[358]
?? ??
[??]????? ?? ???? ??,[362] 2008? ??? ?? ???? ?? (PVC) ? ??? ??? (BFR)? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???.[363] 2007? 6?, ??? ???? ???? ???? LCD ?????? ?? ?? LED ???? LCD ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????.[364][365][366][367] ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??(??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??)? CO2e, ???, ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??.[368] 2009? 6?, ??? ??? 3GS? PVC, ??, BFR? ???? ???.[364][369] 2009? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? LED ???? LCD ?????, ?? ?? ??, ??? ?PVC ???? ????.[370] ?? ?? ??? EPEAT ?? ??? ????, ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????.[364][371]
2011? 11?, ??? ?????, ??? ??? ??, ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? '? ????? ???? ???'? ?????. ? ??? 15? ???? ? 4?(????? 5?? ??)? ???? 4.6/10?? ???.[372] ????? ??? ?????? ????, 2010? 70% ??? ??? ?? ????? ????. ??? ?? ???? PVC ????? BFR? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??. ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.[373] 2012? 1?, ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? USB ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????.[374]
?? ??
[??]2016? 2?, ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? 15? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? (?? ??)? ????. ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????.[368][375]
???
[??] ? ??? ??? ?? ??????.?? ??? 1990?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ??? 2000?? ???? ?????? ???, ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ???, ?? ????? "?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???, ???, ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? 'Made in U.S.A.'? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???"?? ???.[376]
??? ??, ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??, ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??. 2011? ??? ???? 40%???, ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? 10~20%? ????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? "??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???."??.[377][378]
2017? 5?, ??? ???? "?? ??"? ?? 10? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????,[379] ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? 2? ?? ??? ????.[380] ?? 12?, ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? CNBC? "10? ??"? ??? ?? ??? "?? ???"?? ???, "??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????... ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????."?? ????.[381]
? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????.[382] ??? ??? 1990?? ??? ?? ???? 7500/8500/9500? PCI ??? ????? ?? ????. ??? ?? USB, AGP, ????????, ????, NVMe, PCIe ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????. ??????? ???? ??? ????, IEEE 1394? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ??????, ?? ? ?? ??? TV ?????? ???? ???? ????.[383]
??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??. 2012? 7?, ?????? ???? ??? ? ? CEO? ??? "????"? ????, ??? ? ?? ??? ? ? ??? ?? ??? ????.[384] ???? ???? ??? 30%? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? "??? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ????"? ?????.[385] 2016? 5?, ??? ????? iOS ? ?? ??? ???? ??????? 4,000?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????.[386] 3?? ????? ??? ??? "?? ? ? ??" ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????,[387] 5??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? SE ??? ????? ????,[388] ??? CNBC? ?? ??? "??" ????? ???.[389] 2019? 4?, ??? ?? ????? ? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? 7 ??? ????.[390] 2020? ?, ? ?? ??? 2021?? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????.[391] ?? ??? ??? ?????, ??? 2023? 4?? ?? ????,[392] ??? ???? 2020? 9?? ?????.[393]
??? ??
[??] ? ??? ??? ??? ?????.??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? 2? 5? ?? ?? ??? ???? 14? 7? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??.[394][395] ???? ??? ? ?? 500? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????.[396] ??? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ???? ??? ????, ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? 1? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??. ??, ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? 100? ?? ???? ???? ??.[397] ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? 35? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??.[398] 2021? ??[update], ??? 43???? ???? ??? ????.[399] ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???, ????, ???? ? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????,[400] ? ? ???? ??? ??[401]? ????? ?????.[402]
? ?? ?? ???? 1990???? ???? ??? ??.[403] ?? ??? ??, ??, ???? ???? ????. ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ?? ???????,[404] ???,[405] ??,[406] ????,[407] ??,[408] ??[409] ??? ???? ????? ??.[410] 2021??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??.[411] ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? (?? ?? ??)? ??? ???? ? ????? ?? ????? ????, ?? ??? ??? ??[412]?, ? ?? ??? ???[413] ? ????? ????.[414]
?? ?? ???
[??]2019?, ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????.[415]
2024? 4?, ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ????.[416] ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? "?? ?? ??" ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????.[417] 2024? 12?, ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????.[418][419]
??
[??]- ↑ Mickle, Tripp; Weise, Karen (2024? 1? 12?). “Microsoft Tops Apple to Become Most Valuable Public Company – The New York Times”. 《The New York Times》. 2024? 1? 31?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2024? 2? 21?? ???.
- ↑ “Largest Companies by Market Cap”. 《CompaniesMarketcap.com》. 2021? 4? 14?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2024? 3? 17?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? www.ETTelecom.com. “Apple overtakes Microsoft to return as world's most valuable company – ET Telecom”. 《ETTelecom.com》 (??). 2024? 6? 12?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? Linzmayer 2004, 6–8?.
- ↑ Gibbs, Samuel (2014? 12? 5?). “Steve Wozniak: Apple starting in a garage is a myth”. 《???》. 2015? 4? 25?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 11? 12?? ???.
- ↑ Linzmayer, Owen W. “Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer, Inc”. 《The Denver Post》. 2012? 4? 14?? ?? ???? ??? ??.
- ↑ Williams, Rhiannon (2015? 4? 1?). “Apple celebrates 39th year on April 1”. 《?????》. 2022? 1? 10?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 7? 9?? ???.
- ↑ “Apple co-founder tells his side of the story”. 《??? ?? ???》. 2006? 9? 28?. 2017? 7? 3?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 7? 9?? ???.; “A Chat with Computing Pioneer Steve Wozniak”. 《??? ??? ???》. 2006? 9? 29?. 2019? 3? 27?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 7? 9?? ???.
- ↑ Isaacson, Walter (2011? 10? 24?). 《Steve Jobs: The Exclusive Biography》 (??). Little, Brown Book Group. ISBN 978-0-7481-3132-7.
- ↑ O'Grady 2009, 2–3?; “The Homebrew Computer Club”. ??? ?? ???. 2019? 3? 27?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 7? 9?? ???.
- ↑ Kahney, Leander (2002? 11? 19?). “Rebuilding an Apple From the Past”. 《Wired》 (?? ??). ISSN 1059-1028. 2022? 11? 7?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2022? 11? 7?? ???.
- ↑ “Building the digital age”. 《BBC ??》. 2007? 11? 15?. 2017? 11? 28?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2008? 1? 19?? ???.; “Apple I”. ??? ?? ???. 2007? 3? 26?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2008? 1? 19?? ???.; Game Makers (TV Show): Apple II. Originally aired January 6, 2005; “Picture of original ad featuring US666.66 price”. 2020? 1? 15?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2008? 1? 21?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? Wozniak, Steve; Smith, Gina (2006). 《iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It》. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06143-7. OCLC 502898652.
- ↑ Blazeski, Goran (2017? 11? 25?). “Apple-1, Steve Wozniak's hand-built creation, was Apple's first official product, priced at $666.66”. 《The Vintage News》. 2020? 7? 26?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 11? 24?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? ? ? ? ? “Apple 10-K Report FY2024”. 2024? 11? 1?. 2024? 11? 1?? ???.
- ↑ Linzmayer 2004, 10?.
- ↑ ? ? “Frequently Asked Questions”. Apple Inc. 2020? 3? 12?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 1? 19?? ???.
- ↑ Luo, Benny (2013? 9? 12?). “Ronald Wayne: On Co-founding Apple and Working With Steve Jobs”. 《Next Shark》. 2019? 3? 30?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 7? 9?? ???.; Simon, Dan (2010? 6? 24?). “The gambling man who co-founded Apple and left for $800”. CNN. 2014? 4? 10?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 7? 9?? ???.
- ↑ “Apple chronology”. CNN??. 1998? 1? 6?. 2017? 5? 25?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 5? 2?? ???.; Gilbert, Ben (2016? 12? 26?). “Where are the first 10 Apple employees today?”. 《???? ????》. 2019? 3? 30?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 5? 2?? ???.
- ↑ Infinite Loop Malone, Michael S. (1999). 《Infinite loop: how the world's most insanely great computer company went insane》. New York: Currency/Doubleday. 157?. ISBN 978-0-385-48684-2. OCLC 971131326.; McCracken, Harry (2016? 4? 1?). “Apple's sales grew 150x between 1977–1980”. 《??? ???》. 2017? 5? 25?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 5? 2?? ???.
- ↑ Linzmayer 2004, 12?.
- ↑ ? ? ? Linzmayer 2004, 13–15?.
- ↑ Weyhrich, Steven (2002? 4? 21?). “Apple II History Chapter 4”. 2010? 8? 1?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2008? 8? 18?? ???.
- ↑ Bagnall, Brian (2005). 《On the Edge: The Spectacular Rise and Fall of Commodore》. Variant Press. 109–112?. ISBN 978-0-9738649-0-8.; Personal Computer Market Share: 1975–2004 ??? 6? 6, 2012 - ??? ?? The figures show Mac higher, but that is not a single model.
- ↑ Reimer, Jeremy (2005? 12? 15?). “Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures”. 《??? ????》. 2012? 6? 7?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 9? 1?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? Deffree, Suzanne (2018? 12? 12?). “Apple IPO makes instant millionaires, December 12, 1980”. 2019? 6? 10?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 5? 16?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? Dilger, Daniel Eran (2013? 12? 12?). “Apple, Inc. stock IPO created 300 millionaires 33 years ago today”. 《??????》. 2019? 3? 30?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 4? 18?? ???.
- ↑ “Steve Wozniak on Newton, Tesla, and why the original Macintosh was a 'lousy' product”. 2013? 6? 27?. 2016? 3? 12?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2018? 6? 25?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? Rice, Valerie (1985? 4? 15?). “Unrecognized Apple II Employees Exit”. 《????》. 35?. 2023? 3? 1?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 11? 6?? ???.
- ↑ Harvey, Brian (1994). “Is Programing Obsolete?”. Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, ????? ??? ???. 2013? 10? 5?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2013? 6? 14?? ???.
- ↑ Friedman, Ted. “Apple's 1984: The Introduction of the Macintosh in the Cultural History of Personal Computers”. 2012? 10? 14?? ?? ???? ??? ??.
- ↑ Maney, Kevin (2004? 1? 28?). “Apple's '1984' Super Bowl commercial still stands as watershed event”. 《USA ???》. 2018? 3? 13?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 4? 18?? ???.
- ↑ Leopold, Todd (2006? 2? 3?). “Why 2006 isn't like '1984'”. CNN. 2014? 4? 5?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 4? 18?? ???.
- ↑ “The greatest commercials of all time”. 《TV ???》. 1999? 10? 12?. 1999? 10? 12?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 4? 18?? ???.; Taube, Aaron (2014? 1? 22?). “How The Greatest Super Bowl Ad Ever – Apple's '1984' – Almost Didn't Make It To Air”. 《???? ????》. 2019? 3? 30?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 4? 18?? ???.
- ↑ Linzmayer 2004, 98?; Swaine 2014, 441–443?; Isaacson, Walter (2015). 《??? ?? (?)》. ??? & ???. ISBN 978-1-5011-2762-5. pp. 186–187; Hertzfeld, Andy (2005). 《Revolution in The Valley: The Insanely Great Story of How the Mac Was Made》. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-0-596-00719-5.
- ↑ Linzmayer 2004, 156?; Isaacson 2015, 153–154?
- ↑ Gallo, Carmine (2014? 1? 22?). “How Steve Jobs And Bill Gates Inspired John Sculley To Pursue The 'Noble Cause”. 《???》. 2019? 3? 31?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 3? 31?? ???.
- ↑ Schlender, Brent; Tetzeli, Rick (2016). 《Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader》. Crown Business; Reprint edition. 87–92?. ISBN 978-0-385-34742-6.; Linzmayer 2004, 156?
- ↑ ? ? Linzmayer 2004, 156–157?.
- ↑ Spector, G (1985? 9? 24?). “Apple's Jobs Starts New Firm, Targets Education Market”. 《PC ??》. 109?.
- ↑ ? ? “I Never Left Apple”. 《Offally Woz》 (?? ??). 2018? 1? 3?. 2018? 10? 2?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2018? 10? 2?? ???.
- ↑ “CNN.com Video”. 《CNN》. 2014? 2? 3?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 3? 27?? ???.
- ↑ Apple's Other Steve (Stock Research) ??? 10? 19, 2006 - ??? ?? March 2, 2000, ??? ?.
- ↑ Linzmayer 2004, 158–159?.
- ↑ “The History of Desktop Publishing”. ??????. 2021? 2? 27?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 4? 30?? ???.
- ↑ Swaine, Michael (2014). 《Fire in the Valley: The Birth and Death of the Personal Computer》. Pragmatic Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-68050-352-4. pp. 359–363
- ↑ ? ? Carlton, Jim (1997). 《Apple: The inside story of intrigue, egomania, and business blunders》. New York: ?????. ISBN 978-0-8129-2851-8.
- ↑ Linzmayer 2004, 184–185?.
- ↑ Linzmayer 2004, 160?.
- ↑ Linzmayer 2004, 128?.
- ↑ Hormby, Thomas (2006? 2? 22?). “Growing Apple with the Macintosh: The Sculley years”. 《?? ?? ?》. 2014? 3? 25?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 3? 2?? ???.
- ↑ “MacAddict”. 《????》. 89?. January 2004. 2017? 4? 1?? ???.
- ↑ “Exclusive: New pics of Apple's unreleased tablet prototype from 1992 – and the Mac that flew on the Space Shuttle”. stuff.tv. 2019? 3? 31?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2016? 4? 14?? ???.
- ↑ “Macintosh Performa”. Vectronics Apple World. 2013? 4? 19?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 11? 29?? ???.
- ↑ “The Apple IIGS, Cont”. 《Apple II History》. 2002? 7? 10?. 2008? 9? 12?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 7? 8?? ???.
- ↑ Edwards, Benj (2013? 1? 18?). “30 years of the Apple Lisa and the Apple IIe”. 《???》. ????? ??? ??. 2020? 8? 19?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 7? 8?? ???.
- ↑ Huddleston, Tom Jr. (2021? 1? 12?). “From Atari's 'Pong' console to the first CD player and Xbox: 10 of the biggest tech products to debut at Las Vegas' famous Consumer Electronics Show”. 《CNBC》 (?? ??). 2021? 2? 18?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2021? 5? 10?? ???.
- ↑ “1990–1995: Why the World Went Windows”. 《Roughly Drafted》. 2012? 1? 4?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2008? 8? 12?? ???.
- ↑ Hormby, Thomas. The Apple vs. Microsoft GUI lawsuit ??? 3? 4, 2008 - ??? ??, ?? ?? ?, August 25, 2006. Retrieved March 2, 2007.
- ↑ “Michael Spindler: The Peter Principle at Apple”. 2008? 9? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2008? 8? 12?? ???.
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clean power often does not flow directly to their facilities. They typically buy the renewable energy in amounts to match what they draw from the grid. They're actually getting power from their local utility, which may be coal
; Cole, Nicki Lisa (??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.). “Why Is Apple Lying About Powering Its Data Centers With Renewable Energy?”. 《Truthout》. ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ?? ???? ??? ??. ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ???.Apple buys renewable energy certificates to offset its reliance on Duke's dirty energy. ..purchasing offsets is not the same as actually powering something with renewable energy
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The iPhone maker spends lavishly on all stages of the manufacturing process, giving it a huge operations advantage
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- ↑ Harrington, Caitlin (??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.). “Apple Together Brings Corporate Workers Into the Union Effort”. 《????》 (?? ??). ISSN 1059-1028. ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ???.
- ↑ Chan, Jenny (??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.). 《A Suicide Survivor: The Life of a Chinese Worker》. 《New Technology, Work and Employment》 28. 84–99?. doi:10.1111/NTWE.12007. S2CID 154463838.
- ↑ Chen, Michelle (??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.). “Apple's Two Faces: Power Gaps Between Brazil and China Foxconn Workers”. 《In These Times》 (??). ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ?? ???? ??? ??. ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ???.
- ↑ “India: arrests made after Foxconn food poisoning protest in Chennai”. 《??? ??? ?? ???》 (??). ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.. ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ???.
- ↑ Kelly, Annie (??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.). “Apple and Google named in US lawsuit over Congolese child cobalt mining deaths”. 《The Guardian》 (?? ??). ISSN 0261-3077. ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ???.
- ↑ Rolley, Sonia (??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.). “Congo lawyers say they have new evidence on Apple's minerals supply chain”. 《Reuters》 (?? ??). ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ?? ???? ??? ??. ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ???.
- ↑ Imray, Gerald (??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.). “Congo questions Apple over knowledge of conflict minerals in its supply chain”. 《AP News》 (??). ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ???.
- ↑ Pilling, David; Hancock, Alice; Acton, Michael; Dubois, Laura (??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.). “Apple hit by Belgian probe over 'blood minerals' from Congo”. 《Financial Times》. ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ???.
- ↑ AFP (??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.). “DR Congo sues Apple over alleged illegal mineral exploitation”. 《JusticeInfo.net》 (?? ??). ??: #time? ?? ?? ??????.? ???.
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